The Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson, of blessed memory, is the seventh leader in the Chabad-Lubavitch dynasty. He has been described as the most phenomenal Jewish personality of our time. To his hundreds of thousands of followers and millions of sympathizers and admirers around the world, he is “the Rebbe,” today’s most dominant figure in Judaism and, undoubtedly, the one individual more than any other singularly responsible for stirring the conscience and spiritual awakening of world Jewry.
Born in 1902, on the 11th day of Nissan, in Nikolaev, Russia, the Rebbe is the son of the renowned kabbalist and talmudic scholar, the late Rabbi Levi Yitzchak and Rebbetzin Chana Schneerson. He is the great-grandson—and namesake—of the third Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Lubavitch. (His mother, Rebbetzin Chana, 1880-1964, during her famous husband’s exile by the Soviets to a remote village in Asian Russia, displayed legendary courage and ingenuity; for example, she labored to make inks from herbs she gathered in the fields-so that Rabbi Levi Yitzchak could continue writing his commentary on kabbala and other Torah-subjects).
To Save a Life: There is a story told about the Rebbe’s early life that seems to be almost symbolic of everything that was to follow. When he was nine years old, the young Menachem Mendel courageously dove into the Black Sea and saved the life of a little boy who had fallen from the deck of a moored ship. That sense of ‘other lives in danger’ seems to have dominated his consciousness ever since; of Jewish drowning in assimilation, ignorance or alienation—and no one hearing their cries for help; Jews on campus, in isolated communities, under repressive regimes. From early childhood he displayed a prodigious mental acuity. By the time he reached his Bar Mitzvah, the Rebbe was considered an illuy, a Torah prodigy. He spent his teen years immersed in the study of Torah.
Marriage in Warsaw: In 1929, Rabbi Menachem Mendel married the previous Rebbe’s daughter, Rebbetzin Chaya Moussia, in Warsaw. (The Rebbetzin, born in 1901, was chosen by her father, the Previous Rebbe, to accompany him in his forced exile to Kostroma in 1927. For sixty years she was the wife of the Rebbe; she passed away on Sh’vat 22 in 1988.) He later studied in the University of Berlin and then at the Sorbonne in Paris. It may have been in these years that his formidable knowledge of mathematics, medicine and the sciences began to blossom.
Arrival in the U.S.A.: On Monday, Sivan 28, 5701 (June 23, 1941) the Rebbe and the Rebbetzin arrived in the U.S., having been miraculously rescued, by the grace of Almighty G-d, from the European holocaust. The day marks the launching of sweeping new efforts in bolstering and disseminating Torah and Judaism in general, and Chassidic teachings in particular, through the establishment of three central Lubavitch organizations under the Rebbe’s leadership: Merkos L’Inyonei Chinuch (Central Organization For Jewish Education), Kehot Publication Society, and Machne Israel, a social services agency. Shortly after his arrival, the Rebbe began writing his notations to various Chassidic and kabbalistic treatises, as well as a wide range of response on Torah subjects. With publication of these works his genius was soon recognized by scholars throughout the world.
Leadership: in 1950, Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson reluctantly ascended to the leadership of the Lubavitch movement, whose headquarters were—and still are—at 770 Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn, New York. Soon Lubavitch institutions and activities took on new dimensions. The outreaching philosophy of Chabad-Lubavitch was translated into action, as Lubavitch centers and Chabad houses were opened in dozens of cities and university campuses around the world.
Passing: On Monday afternoon (March 2, 1992), while praying at the gravesite of his father-in-law and predecessor, the Rebbe suffered a stroke that paralyzed his right side and, most devastatingly, robbed him of the ability to speak.
Two years and three months later, in the early morning hours of the 3rd of Tammuz, 5754 (June 12, 1994), the Rebbe’s soul ascended on high, orphaning a generation.
The Rebbe’s disciples are still waiting to reunite. In the meantime, they are making communities.
Uniqueness: With the Rebbe at its helm, Lubavitch has rapidly grown to be a worldwide presence, and all its various activities are stamped with his vision; small wonder then, that many ask, “What is there about his leaderships that is so unique? Why do leading personalities of the day have such profound respect and admiration for him?”
Past, Present and Future: Many leaders recognize the need of the moment and respond with courage and directions. This is their forte—an admirable one. Others, though their strength may not lie in instant response to current problems, are blessed with the ability of perceptive foresight-knowing what tomorrow will bring and how to best prepare. Still other leaders excel in yet a third distinct area, possessing a keen sense of history and tradition; their advice and leadership is molded by a great sensitivity to the past.
But there was one who possessed all three qualities, standing alone in leadership. This was the Lubavitcher Rebbe—the inspiration and driving force behind the success of Lubavitch today. Radiating a keen sense of urgency, he demanded much from his followers, and even more from himself, the Rebbe lead, above else, by example.
Initiation, Not Reaction: He was a rare blend of prophetic visionary and pragmatic leader, synthesizing deep insight into the present needs of the Jewish people with a breadth of vision for its future. In a sense, he charted the course of Jewish history—initiating, in addition to reacting to, current events. The Rebbe was guided by inspired insight and foresight in combination with encyclopedic scholarship, and all his pronouncements and undertakings were, first and foremost, rooted in our Holy Torah. Time and again, he demonstrated that what was clear to him at the outset became obvious to other leaders with hindsight, decades later.
Everyone’s Unique Role: From the moment the Rebbe arrived in America in 1941, his brilliance at addressing himself to the following ideal became apparent: He would not acknowledge division or separation. Every Jew—indeed, every human being—has a unique role to play in the greater scheme of things and is an integral part of the tapestry of G-d’s creation.
For nearly five of the most critical decades in recent history, the Rebbe’s plan to reach out to every corner of the world with love and concern has continued to unfold dramatically. No sector of the community has been excluded—young and old; men and women; leader and layman; scholar and laborer; student and teacher; children, and even infants.
He had an uncanny ability to meet everyone at their own level—he advised heads of State on matters of national and international importance, explored with professionals the complexities in their own fields of expertise, and talked to small children with warm words and a fatherly smile.
“Actualize Your Potential!” With extraordinary insight, he perceived the wealth of potential in each person. His inspiration boosts the individual’s self-perception, ignites his awareness of that hidden wealth and motivates a desire to fulfill his potential. In the same way, many a community has been transformed by the Rebbe’s message, and been given —directly or indirectly—a new sense of purpose and confidence. In each encounter the same strong, if subtle message is imparted: “You are Divinely gifted with enormous strength and energy—actualize it!”